Sensing Characteristics of Cylindrical Metamaterial Array with Toroidal Modes

Abstract

Due to the unique field configuration of the toroidal modes, the cylindrical dielectric metamaterials with toroidal dipolar response could serve as a platform for sensing. Through changing the parameters of the model resonant frequency can be adjusted flexibly. The terahertz sensing characters are confirmed by the detection of samples such as nitrogen, gasoline, liquid paraffin, oil, glycerol, oil paint and water. It is found that with the increase of the liquid relative dielectric permittivity, the resonant frequency always shifts to the decreasing direction. This work may be helpful for exploring the sensing application of the cylindrical metamaterial array wih toroidal modes.